WHAT ARE BUSHFIRES?

Bushfires are uncontrollable blazes that usually start in areas of bushland or wilderness. They can be caused by lightning, agricultural clearing, campfires and dropped cigarettes. Some bushfires are deliberately lit.

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Bushfires are very destructive and extremely dangerous. They are large, fast-moving and difficult to bring under control. Bushfires can even jump over gaps that are in their path, such as rivers and roads.

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Bushfires are more frequent during the hottest and driest months of the year. While every continent (except Antarctica) experiences bushfires, they occur most commonly in areas that experience hot, dry weather, like Australia, Greece, Africa and parts of the USA, like California.

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Even though bushfires cause extensive damage, they play an important role in nature. Bushfires burn plants and trees which may be old and diseased, making way for new plants and trees to grow in their place.

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There are two main categories of bushfire: mountainous (fires on hilly areas) and grassland (fires on flat areas).

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WHAT CAUSES BUSHFIRES?

There are lots of possible bushfire causes. They can start naturally, when lightning strikes and ignites dry plants and trees, like the golden wattle tree. But they can also be caused by people, for example, by someone not extinguishing their campfire properly. Sadly, sometimes fires are started by someone deliberately.

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Climate change doesn’t start bushfires, but it does cause them to become larger and more ferocious. That’s because our warming planet is experiencing more intense periods of drought, drying out the vegetation that fuels the fires. All that’s needed is a spark.

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ARE BUSHFIRES NATURAL?

Believe it or not, bushfires are actually part of an important natural cycle that’s been around for hundreds of millions of years. Flames can kill insects and diseases that harm trees. Low intensity fires burn dead or decaying debris on the ground which helps return nutrients to the soil. Fires also make space for new shoots to grow, and for more sunlight to reach the ground – creating a valuable food source and new habitat for animals and birds.

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In places that often experience fires, some species of plants have even adapted to use fire for survival. For example, bottlebrush plants that grow in Australia produce a hard, woody fruit containing hundreds of tiny seeds. Some plants won’t release these seeds unless there is a fire.

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Sometimes, people who look after wild areas will start a controlled fire to help manage the land. These fires are carefully planned and monitored to make sure that they don’t put anyone at risk of danger. Controlled fires help to prevent large-scale, out-of-control bushfires by clearing dry leaves, grasses and branches that could fuel a potential fire, in a controlled way.

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Traditionally, the First Nations People of Australia used fire to manage the landscape, encourage new growth and help them hunt.

 

WHY ARE BUSHFIRES DANGEROUS?

Bushfires become dangerous when they grow out of control and encroach on communities. The flames can burn through buildings, and breathing in the smoke from fires can be harmful. Windy weather conditions can fan the flames, spreading the blaze more quickly.

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Thankfully, there are lots of people, like firefighters, government officials and ordinary men and women, working extremely hard to learn how to better prevent and control bushfires. And there are lots of ways in which you and your family can stay safe during a bushfire, like planning an escape route and keeping an emergency bag packed in case you need to leave in a hurry.